Noises Off a Comedic Play by Michael Frayn

Englands Daily Telegraph reviewed the  touring production of Noises Off, calling it the funniest comedy ever written. Thats a bold claim, especially since weve met people who have seen the play and were not amused. They offered such opinions as: Its too long.Too much slapstick.I thought it was vulgar. As we  spoke with these unimpressed audience members, we learned that they had never been involved in the theater. Playwright Michael Frayn created Noises Off   in the early 1980s. It is a love letter and an inside joke to those of us familiar with the thrilling and unpredictable nature of the stage. Noise Off Noises Off   is a play within a play. It is about an ambitious director and his troupe of mediocre actors. The cast and crew are putting together a silly sex comedy titled, Nothing On - a single-set farce in which lovers frolic, doors slam, clothes are tossed away, and embarrassing hi-jinks ensue. The three acts of Noises Off   expose different phases of the disastrous show, Nothing On: Act One: On stage during dress rehearsal.Act Two: Backstage during a matinee performance.Act Three: On stage during a delightfully ruined performance. Act One: the Dress Rehearsal While the impatient director, Lloyd Dallas, trudges through the opening scene of Noises On, the actors keep breaking character. Dottie keeps forgetting when to take her plate of sardines. Garry keeps challenging the stage directions in the script. Brooke is clueless about her fellow performers  and constantly loses her contact lens. Act One lampoons the common problems which typically occur during the rehearsal process: Forgetting your lines.Second guessing your director.Misplacing your props.Missing your entrances.Falling in love with fellow cast members. Yes, aside from all of the physical comedy, the conflict of Noises Off   is intensified when several of the theater romances turn sour. Because of jealousy, double-crosses, and misunderstandings, tensions mount, and the performances of Nothing On go from bad to worse to wonderfully awful. Act Two: Backstage Antics The second act of Noises Off   takes place entirely backstage. Traditionally, the entire set is rotated to reveal the behind the scenes events which unfold. It is fun to watch the same scene of Nothing On from a different perspective. For anyone who has been backstage during a show—especially when something goes wrong—Act Two is bound to conjure a flood of hilarious memories. Despite the characters backstabbing one another, they somehow manage to get through their scene. But thats not the case with the final act of the play. Act Three: When Everything Goes Wrong In Act Three of Noises Off,, the cast of Nothing On has been performing their show for nearly three months. They are seriously burnt out. When Dottie makes a few mistakes during her opening scene, she just begins to ramble, making up lines from off the top of her head. The rest of the characters then make a series of mistakes: Garry cant improvise his way out of a paper bag.Brooke doesnt pay attention to the changes that are rapidly occurring—she just keeps doing her lines, even when they arent appropriate.The veteran actor, Selsdon, cant keep away from booze. By the plays end, their show is a comical catastrophe—and the audience is rolling in the aisles, loving every moment. If you have never experienced theater as an actor or a crew member, then perhaps Noises Off   is simply an entertaining show with a lot of laughs. However, for those of us who tread the boards, Michael Frayns Noises Off   might very well be the funniest play ever written.

Different Types Of The Mind The Human, Animal, And...

Philosophy 3500 Final Paper Seneca Cherry 12.2.14 Abstract This essay Introduction The mind is made up of numerous classes of procedures that can be studied empirically; this paper will limit this field to psychology. There are three different types of the mind: the human, animal, and the mechanic. The human mind is the paradigm of the mind; the mechanical mind exists as a challenge to materialism or mind-brain identity theory. This leads to the anti-materialist argument: intelligence is made up of levels of mental processes in which the mind is the genus and intelligence is a species of this genus. Intelligence is the ability to solve problems, and like the mind, human intelligence is the paradigm of the intelligence. There†¦show more content†¦It would belong to the domain of metaphysics, and if the mind were a substance it would individual. Despite this, the mind is a collection of numerous classes of processes that can be studied empirically. These processes are known as â€Å"mental processes,† this is the way we can suggest the vicious circle statement that the mind is the collection of the different mental processes. There are ways to avoid the circularity of the previous statement by describing the various classes of these â€Å"mental processes.† The information boils down to four concepts that we can use to distinguish the main types of mental processes. 1) Perceptions – the organized reception of information, 2) the memories and storage of information, 3) our beliefs and judgments surrounding the information we received, and finally 4) our plans – arrangements of information and how we plan to act. From here we can give a more complete description of mental processes. Our own bodies have sensations (internal such as pain), and then we have external sensations (from other bodies). We have perceptions which help us construct a more or less definite object. We as humans also retain memories that can come from different sources. We elaborate images with various degrees of creativity. This helps us form beliefs about ourselves and other people (things or ideas). From here we can develop conclusions that allow us to receive new information from previously received data; this

Corporate Strategy Theory Critical Evaluation

Question : The process researcher have shown again and again the real world messiness of strategy formulation and implemention. The implication is that it is impossible to analysise everything up front and predict the future, and that the search for economically optimal decisions is futile "(Johnsion, G. Scholes K. and Whittingtor, R. 2010 Expoloring corporate strategy text and cases, prentice Hall P. 17)". Answer : Introduction Strategy as the subject has moved long way in the last fifty years and still existed. In the starting, strategy was related to the task of the manager and most obvious; it started taking form of the business policies that were run by most of the universities like Harvard that started this course in 1960 (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). The question posted is that what one can do when they become the chief executive of the organization. This approach relies over the common experiences of all the executives in the company and not based on some theory. Literature review Mintzberg and Waters (1985) mentions that all process researchers have tried to shown the actual world about the messiness of both the strategy formulation and strategy implementation. The implication related to it is that it is quite impossible to easily analyze everything front and also predict the future, by mentioning that the search for the economically optimal decision is quite futile (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is much better to work, instead of going against it, and messiness of the company (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). This implies that accepting the managers in making the decisions that has actually much to do with the politics of the company and the culture and history of the organization, as they have to do with the strategic economics and these strategies might get derailed in its implementation (Knights and Morgan 1991). In this context, exploring the complexities and imperfections is actually even more effective rather than ignoring it, as in certain approa ch of economics (Knights and Morgan 1991). A very variant stream related to the strategy research is lead through the Henry Mintzberg in 1970s that is drawn through the psychology and sociology and it also tries to argue that people were not prepared and is world is challenging place for relying over the analysis and the planning (Paine 1994). The studies of the process approach relates to the strategic decision making and the change process (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that the contingency model of the Mintzberg tries to presume that exist the reciprocal relationship among the structure and strategy, and this strategy is actually formed under the part of ongoing, and process of mutually constructive (Jarzabkowski 2005). As per the procession perspective, strategy is referred as the process, instead of any state. It is noted that the process researchers have tried to shown that the actual world disorder in the formulation and implementation of strategy that makes it quite impossible in analyzing everything up front as well as predication of the future (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is quite futile for conducting the research for the economically optimal decisions (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It might be accepted that the managers might take the decisions that are related to the politics, culture as well as history of the organization as they have to do with the strategic economics (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that in the 21st century has emerged and enhanced the acceptance of the researched new stream, which tries to provide the promising ways for coping up with the reality of the organization (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). There are three highlighted factors such as: complexity theory, which is actually drawn through the physical sciences and could be used easily for supporting in managing the messy world of the company (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). As per the researchers like, Kathy Eisenhadt and the Ralph Stacey, the principles related to the complexity theory could be used easily for achieving the order and the progress within the social world like the behavioral stable pattern and the species that are well adapted and seems emerging in the natural world (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The complexity theory hand offs methods, instead of the approaches that are heavy-handed in the traditional management are best to cope up with the actual world companie s (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Complexity theory is considered as the inspiration in the strategy like the ideas lens (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Discourse researchers like David Knights has tried to drawn the theories of sociology of language in order to point out towards the how to discourse the actual ways in which one talk about the organization along with its shapes about the actual reality (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The perspective of discourse specifically highlights about how mastery related to the strategy language could be considered as resource for the managers by which one could easily gain the power and the influence in order to set up the identity and the strategist legitimacy (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). In this context, by knowing about the talk strategy is considered as the main skill in the life of the organization (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The insights of this particular view are actually encapsulated in the discourse lens of the strategy (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Strategy as the practice by the researchers has tried to build over the traditions of psychology and sociology towards examining the close and the real practices of the managers within the strategy formulation and implementation, by developing the detailed understanding about the techniques and the strategies involved into it (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). In certain ways, all these researchers are trying to return towards the actual case approach followed by the Harvard general managers views, but now in this time, it tries to seek towards underpinning with the systematic research (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The promise related to the strategy as practice research is considered as the increased capacity towards designing the practical process of strategy and training the skilled as well as reflective practitioners that permit for the actual complexities and the unintended results of the organizations life (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). Therefore, it is noted that half of the strateg y research has tried to produce various ways towards approaching the strategy and all this could be provided by the valuable insights (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is noted that the emergent strategy is explained as the pattern that is actually realized despite or either in the absence of the intentions (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is also evident that the model of Mintzberg tries to differentiate the strategy that originate through the leadership intention of the organization and also conduct plans through the forming of strategy in the absence of the lying intentions (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). There exists the possibility that certain strategies could not be easily realized, but all the realized strategies try to imply the presence of these patterns (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). These patterns might either be considered as emergent or either deliberates (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The process perspective of the strategy tries to differentiate the strategy that was originated through the plans and through the formed strategy without any kind of intention (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is noted that the strategies that were emerged by the actions in the moment comes under the process view (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). All the gathered goals as well as goal compliance are actually combined with the actions of an individual, which could lead towards the changing strategy through the intended, plans (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). Process approaches to strategy It is noted that teaching is dominated through the attempts for replicating the situations of real business within the classroom through the students exposure in various case studies related to strategies issues (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). In paralleled it is noted that they are developed in the 1960 and 1970 for creating influence over the corporate planning. In this the stress is placed over trying to analyze the different influence over the well being of the organization in the way to explore the threats in doing future developments (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). It took the form of approach of high systematic approaches in the planning that incorporate the techniques of mathematics of the economics and operational research (Arsen 1991). This approach is considered as dominant legacy in the study (Baron and Hannan 1994). It is assumed that the managers can try to make best decision for the company that could be based over the finding from all possibility about the world of organization and then accordingly make the analysis of alternatives (Baron and Hannan 1994). This approach is highly influential, for instance, it gives rise to the specialist department of corporate planning in the organization in both the private and public sector, mainly in 1970 (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that 3-5 years strategic plans were overtaken by the events and there response is still two folded (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). On the other side, academics have tried to develop the increasing body of the research through pointing out the implications related to various strategies for the organizations that give financial performance (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). This kind of research is known as the content approach, and its main purpose is to focus on the content of various strategic choices like, internationalization, innovation as well as diversification (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Implementation issues relating to planned and emergent strategy Both the approaches came under the consideration of the criticism in the 21st century last decade (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Although it is noted that the case study method is important as it helps in bringing the actual life in the classroom and on own policy of old business approach that lacks in the actual research (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). There are certain evidences that could make the sense along with certain theoretical framework that help in generalizing the single cases (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Next the analytical approach included in the specialized departments of the corporate planning tries to prove poorly and is not able to cope up apparently dynamic as well as competitive business world that started in late 1970s (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Analysis of models For the content researchers, the main question is that what sort of strategy could be applied for performing the best under what kind of conditions (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). They even try to argue that the managers try to gain benefit through the lessons which are drawn from the researchers for the purpose of taking the strategic decisions (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). Strategic planning and analysis is quite effective if it is underpinned through the rigorous evidences of research (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). The key academic discipline that tries to inspire the research is known as economics through the work done by Michael Porter in the structure of industry in 1980s along with resource theories in 1990, mainly the exemplary in this context (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). On the other side, a quite variant stream of research is adopted that is led through the Henry Mintzberg as well as Andrew Pettigrew, in order to drew the psychology and the sociology through arguing that the individuals are quite imperfect and this entire world is too complex in order to have heavy reliance over the planning as well as analysis, and economics research is also rigorous (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). Since 1970s, they along with their followers has tried to develop the strategy of process approach that tries to study the actuality of taking the strategic decision making along with process of strategic change (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). Conclusion Strategy as the practice is considered as stream of the strategy process research that relates with the understanding about how the emergent strategy comes into existence. Its main aim is to welding all the previous strategic thoughts proposed by the schools. It is considered undoubtedly also as the huge societal trend, as there are many managers in the company that doesnt include the fair practical perception of both the strategy and the management. Therefore, strategy as practice is selected as the perspective in the working of the company. References Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. 2010. Exploring Corporate Strategy, Text and Cases. Prentice Hall. Jarzabkowski, P. 2005. Strategy as practice, an activity based approach. Sage Publications. Arsen, D.D. 1991. International and Domestic Forces in the Postwar Golden Age. Review of Radical Political Economics Spring and Summer, 3, pp. 1-45. Baron, J.N. and Hannan, M.T. 1994. The Impact of Economics on Contemporary Sociology. Journal of Economic Literature September, 4, pp. 1-67. Mintzberg, H., and Waters, J. 1985. Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6, pp. 257-272. Mantere, S., Schildt, H., and Sillince, J. A. 2012. Reversal of Strategic Change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), pp. 1-56. Lovas, B. and Ghoshal, S. 2000. Strategy as guided evolution. Strategic Management Journal, 21, pp. 875-896. Levy, D. L., Alvesson, H. and Willmott, H. 2003. Critical approaches to strategic management. London: Sage. Knights, D. and Morgan, G. 1991. Corporate Strategy, Organizations and Subjectivity: A Critique. Organization Studies, 12, pp. 251-273. Paine, L. 1994. Managing for Organizational Integrity. Harvard Business Review, 3, pp. 106-117.

Laws Influence On Congress Essays - United States Congress, Law

Law's Influence On Congress The majority of congress today has a legal background. This legal background slows down congress. Although the heavy legal background of congress slows down the congressional process it does provide for better laws. The strong influence of the legal profession in government is to the countrys benefit. The majority of politicians today are lawyers. For the most part, it has always been this way. Since the very beginning of the United States government there has been a ver distinct legal background. The majority of the founding fathers of our government and some of the most influential politicians in our government have been lawyers. For instance, Thomas Jefferson, one of the most famous founding fathers, the writer of the declaration of independence, was a lawyer. Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt both studied law in college. Even our current president today, William Clinton studied law. As early as the beginning of this country, the roots of lawyers in government has been there. A lawyers training, and education, when applied to congress, slow things down. Lawyers are taught to question things from every angle possible, to look at it every way. By looking at things from all perspectives, politicians are usually indecisive, in fear of upsetting their constituents and party peers. A lot of this over-questioning works out to the benefit of the common constituent. By looking at things from every angle, a congressman can see if by passing a piece of legislation will it hurt any one specific group. This tends to keep a congressman from voting for that particular thing. Another thing a lawyer is taught to do is to prove something beyond reasonable doubt. By trying to make sure a bill is acceptable, beyond reasonable doubt, is very tough. A lot of work is required to do this, and most of the time a congress man will not vote in favor of a bill unless he or she Is convinced, beyond reasonable doubt that it is necessary and proper. Although it seems a little unnecessary, the over investigation of bills benefits citizens. The heavy influence of lawyers in congress does in fact slow down the processes, but it does provide for a better outcome when bills are finally passed. By slowly considering laws and tediously reviewing them, the time is taken to make sure that a bill being past is in the best interest of the country. They slowly go over the bill at each step and over analyze it. By doing this it prevents congress from just passing a law merely on impulse, without very careful review. In conclusion, the legal background of many congress-people slows down the speed at which laws are made. By slowing the process down better laws are made. Even though lawyers over analyze bills, their legal background gives them clear insight as to how a law will be implemented into the court systems and everyday life. Although the congressional process is drastically slowed by the legal influence, the constituent gains greatly from the consideration put into every law. Government Essays