Noises Off a Comedic Play by Michael Frayn

Englands Daily Telegraph reviewed the  touring production of Noises Off, calling it the funniest comedy ever written. Thats a bold claim, especially since weve met people who have seen the play and were not amused. They offered such opinions as: Its too long.Too much slapstick.I thought it was vulgar. As we  spoke with these unimpressed audience members, we learned that they had never been involved in the theater. Playwright Michael Frayn created Noises Off   in the early 1980s. It is a love letter and an inside joke to those of us familiar with the thrilling and unpredictable nature of the stage. Noise Off Noises Off   is a play within a play. It is about an ambitious director and his troupe of mediocre actors. The cast and crew are putting together a silly sex comedy titled, Nothing On - a single-set farce in which lovers frolic, doors slam, clothes are tossed away, and embarrassing hi-jinks ensue. The three acts of Noises Off   expose different phases of the disastrous show, Nothing On: Act One: On stage during dress rehearsal.Act Two: Backstage during a matinee performance.Act Three: On stage during a delightfully ruined performance. Act One: the Dress Rehearsal While the impatient director, Lloyd Dallas, trudges through the opening scene of Noises On, the actors keep breaking character. Dottie keeps forgetting when to take her plate of sardines. Garry keeps challenging the stage directions in the script. Brooke is clueless about her fellow performers  and constantly loses her contact lens. Act One lampoons the common problems which typically occur during the rehearsal process: Forgetting your lines.Second guessing your director.Misplacing your props.Missing your entrances.Falling in love with fellow cast members. Yes, aside from all of the physical comedy, the conflict of Noises Off   is intensified when several of the theater romances turn sour. Because of jealousy, double-crosses, and misunderstandings, tensions mount, and the performances of Nothing On go from bad to worse to wonderfully awful. Act Two: Backstage Antics The second act of Noises Off   takes place entirely backstage. Traditionally, the entire set is rotated to reveal the behind the scenes events which unfold. It is fun to watch the same scene of Nothing On from a different perspective. For anyone who has been backstage during a show—especially when something goes wrong—Act Two is bound to conjure a flood of hilarious memories. Despite the characters backstabbing one another, they somehow manage to get through their scene. But thats not the case with the final act of the play. Act Three: When Everything Goes Wrong In Act Three of Noises Off,, the cast of Nothing On has been performing their show for nearly three months. They are seriously burnt out. When Dottie makes a few mistakes during her opening scene, she just begins to ramble, making up lines from off the top of her head. The rest of the characters then make a series of mistakes: Garry cant improvise his way out of a paper bag.Brooke doesnt pay attention to the changes that are rapidly occurring—she just keeps doing her lines, even when they arent appropriate.The veteran actor, Selsdon, cant keep away from booze. By the plays end, their show is a comical catastrophe—and the audience is rolling in the aisles, loving every moment. If you have never experienced theater as an actor or a crew member, then perhaps Noises Off   is simply an entertaining show with a lot of laughs. However, for those of us who tread the boards, Michael Frayns Noises Off   might very well be the funniest play ever written.

Different Types Of The Mind The Human, Animal, And...

Philosophy 3500 Final Paper Seneca Cherry 12.2.14 Abstract This essay Introduction The mind is made up of numerous classes of procedures that can be studied empirically; this paper will limit this field to psychology. There are three different types of the mind: the human, animal, and the mechanic. The human mind is the paradigm of the mind; the mechanical mind exists as a challenge to materialism or mind-brain identity theory. This leads to the anti-materialist argument: intelligence is made up of levels of mental processes in which the mind is the genus and intelligence is a species of this genus. Intelligence is the ability to solve problems, and like the mind, human intelligence is the paradigm of the intelligence. There†¦show more content†¦It would belong to the domain of metaphysics, and if the mind were a substance it would individual. Despite this, the mind is a collection of numerous classes of processes that can be studied empirically. These processes are known as â€Å"mental processes,† this is the way we can suggest the vicious circle statement that the mind is the collection of the different mental processes. There are ways to avoid the circularity of the previous statement by describing the various classes of these â€Å"mental processes.† The information boils down to four concepts that we can use to distinguish the main types of mental processes. 1) Perceptions – the organized reception of information, 2) the memories and storage of information, 3) our beliefs and judgments surrounding the information we received, and finally 4) our plans – arrangements of information and how we plan to act. From here we can give a more complete description of mental processes. Our own bodies have sensations (internal such as pain), and then we have external sensations (from other bodies). We have perceptions which help us construct a more or less definite object. We as humans also retain memories that can come from different sources. We elaborate images with various degrees of creativity. This helps us form beliefs about ourselves and other people (things or ideas). From here we can develop conclusions that allow us to receive new information from previously received data; this

Corporate Strategy Theory Critical Evaluation

Question : The process researcher have shown again and again the real world messiness of strategy formulation and implemention. The implication is that it is impossible to analysise everything up front and predict the future, and that the search for economically optimal decisions is futile "(Johnsion, G. Scholes K. and Whittingtor, R. 2010 Expoloring corporate strategy text and cases, prentice Hall P. 17)". Answer : Introduction Strategy as the subject has moved long way in the last fifty years and still existed. In the starting, strategy was related to the task of the manager and most obvious; it started taking form of the business policies that were run by most of the universities like Harvard that started this course in 1960 (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). The question posted is that what one can do when they become the chief executive of the organization. This approach relies over the common experiences of all the executives in the company and not based on some theory. Literature review Mintzberg and Waters (1985) mentions that all process researchers have tried to shown the actual world about the messiness of both the strategy formulation and strategy implementation. The implication related to it is that it is quite impossible to easily analyze everything front and also predict the future, by mentioning that the search for the economically optimal decision is quite futile (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is much better to work, instead of going against it, and messiness of the company (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). This implies that accepting the managers in making the decisions that has actually much to do with the politics of the company and the culture and history of the organization, as they have to do with the strategic economics and these strategies might get derailed in its implementation (Knights and Morgan 1991). In this context, exploring the complexities and imperfections is actually even more effective rather than ignoring it, as in certain approa ch of economics (Knights and Morgan 1991). A very variant stream related to the strategy research is lead through the Henry Mintzberg in 1970s that is drawn through the psychology and sociology and it also tries to argue that people were not prepared and is world is challenging place for relying over the analysis and the planning (Paine 1994). The studies of the process approach relates to the strategic decision making and the change process (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that the contingency model of the Mintzberg tries to presume that exist the reciprocal relationship among the structure and strategy, and this strategy is actually formed under the part of ongoing, and process of mutually constructive (Jarzabkowski 2005). As per the procession perspective, strategy is referred as the process, instead of any state. It is noted that the process researchers have tried to shown that the actual world disorder in the formulation and implementation of strategy that makes it quite impossible in analyzing everything up front as well as predication of the future (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is quite futile for conducting the research for the economically optimal decisions (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It might be accepted that the managers might take the decisions that are related to the politics, culture as well as history of the organization as they have to do with the strategic economics (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that in the 21st century has emerged and enhanced the acceptance of the researched new stream, which tries to provide the promising ways for coping up with the reality of the organization (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). There are three highlighted factors such as: complexity theory, which is actually drawn through the physical sciences and could be used easily for supporting in managing the messy world of the company (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). As per the researchers like, Kathy Eisenhadt and the Ralph Stacey, the principles related to the complexity theory could be used easily for achieving the order and the progress within the social world like the behavioral stable pattern and the species that are well adapted and seems emerging in the natural world (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The complexity theory hand offs methods, instead of the approaches that are heavy-handed in the traditional management are best to cope up with the actual world companie s (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Complexity theory is considered as the inspiration in the strategy like the ideas lens (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Discourse researchers like David Knights has tried to drawn the theories of sociology of language in order to point out towards the how to discourse the actual ways in which one talk about the organization along with its shapes about the actual reality (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The perspective of discourse specifically highlights about how mastery related to the strategy language could be considered as resource for the managers by which one could easily gain the power and the influence in order to set up the identity and the strategist legitimacy (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). In this context, by knowing about the talk strategy is considered as the main skill in the life of the organization (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The insights of this particular view are actually encapsulated in the discourse lens of the strategy (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Strategy as the practice by the researchers has tried to build over the traditions of psychology and sociology towards examining the close and the real practices of the managers within the strategy formulation and implementation, by developing the detailed understanding about the techniques and the strategies involved into it (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). In certain ways, all these researchers are trying to return towards the actual case approach followed by the Harvard general managers views, but now in this time, it tries to seek towards underpinning with the systematic research (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The promise related to the strategy as practice research is considered as the increased capacity towards designing the practical process of strategy and training the skilled as well as reflective practitioners that permit for the actual complexities and the unintended results of the organizations life (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). Therefore, it is noted that half of the strateg y research has tried to produce various ways towards approaching the strategy and all this could be provided by the valuable insights (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is noted that the emergent strategy is explained as the pattern that is actually realized despite or either in the absence of the intentions (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is also evident that the model of Mintzberg tries to differentiate the strategy that originate through the leadership intention of the organization and also conduct plans through the forming of strategy in the absence of the lying intentions (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). There exists the possibility that certain strategies could not be easily realized, but all the realized strategies try to imply the presence of these patterns (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). These patterns might either be considered as emergent or either deliberates (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). The process perspective of the strategy tries to differentiate the strategy that was originated through the plans and through the formed strategy without any kind of intention (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). It is noted that the strategies that were emerged by the actions in the moment comes under the process view (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). All the gathered goals as well as goal compliance are actually combined with the actions of an individual, which could lead towards the changing strategy through the intended, plans (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). Process approaches to strategy It is noted that teaching is dominated through the attempts for replicating the situations of real business within the classroom through the students exposure in various case studies related to strategies issues (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). In paralleled it is noted that they are developed in the 1960 and 1970 for creating influence over the corporate planning. In this the stress is placed over trying to analyze the different influence over the well being of the organization in the way to explore the threats in doing future developments (Johnson, Scholes and Whittington 2010). It took the form of approach of high systematic approaches in the planning that incorporate the techniques of mathematics of the economics and operational research (Arsen 1991). This approach is considered as dominant legacy in the study (Baron and Hannan 1994). It is assumed that the managers can try to make best decision for the company that could be based over the finding from all possibility about the world of organization and then accordingly make the analysis of alternatives (Baron and Hannan 1994). This approach is highly influential, for instance, it gives rise to the specialist department of corporate planning in the organization in both the private and public sector, mainly in 1970 (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). It is noted that 3-5 years strategic plans were overtaken by the events and there response is still two folded (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). On the other side, academics have tried to develop the increasing body of the research through pointing out the implications related to various strategies for the organizations that give financial performance (Lovas and Ghoshal 2000). This kind of research is known as the content approach, and its main purpose is to focus on the content of various strategic choices like, internationalization, innovation as well as diversification (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Implementation issues relating to planned and emergent strategy Both the approaches came under the consideration of the criticism in the 21st century last decade (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Although it is noted that the case study method is important as it helps in bringing the actual life in the classroom and on own policy of old business approach that lacks in the actual research (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). There are certain evidences that could make the sense along with certain theoretical framework that help in generalizing the single cases (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Next the analytical approach included in the specialized departments of the corporate planning tries to prove poorly and is not able to cope up apparently dynamic as well as competitive business world that started in late 1970s (Mantere, Schildt and Sillince 2012). Analysis of models For the content researchers, the main question is that what sort of strategy could be applied for performing the best under what kind of conditions (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). They even try to argue that the managers try to gain benefit through the lessons which are drawn from the researchers for the purpose of taking the strategic decisions (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). Strategic planning and analysis is quite effective if it is underpinned through the rigorous evidences of research (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). The key academic discipline that tries to inspire the research is known as economics through the work done by Michael Porter in the structure of industry in 1980s along with resource theories in 1990, mainly the exemplary in this context (Levy, Alvesson and Willmott 2003). On the other side, a quite variant stream of research is adopted that is led through the Henry Mintzberg as well as Andrew Pettigrew, in order to drew the psychology and the sociology through arguing that the individuals are quite imperfect and this entire world is too complex in order to have heavy reliance over the planning as well as analysis, and economics research is also rigorous (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). Since 1970s, they along with their followers has tried to develop the strategy of process approach that tries to study the actuality of taking the strategic decision making along with process of strategic change (Mintzberg and Waters 1985). Conclusion Strategy as the practice is considered as stream of the strategy process research that relates with the understanding about how the emergent strategy comes into existence. Its main aim is to welding all the previous strategic thoughts proposed by the schools. It is considered undoubtedly also as the huge societal trend, as there are many managers in the company that doesnt include the fair practical perception of both the strategy and the management. Therefore, strategy as practice is selected as the perspective in the working of the company. References Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. 2010. Exploring Corporate Strategy, Text and Cases. Prentice Hall. Jarzabkowski, P. 2005. Strategy as practice, an activity based approach. Sage Publications. Arsen, D.D. 1991. International and Domestic Forces in the Postwar Golden Age. Review of Radical Political Economics Spring and Summer, 3, pp. 1-45. Baron, J.N. and Hannan, M.T. 1994. The Impact of Economics on Contemporary Sociology. Journal of Economic Literature September, 4, pp. 1-67. Mintzberg, H., and Waters, J. 1985. Of Strategies, Deliberate and Emergent. Strategic Management Journal, 6, pp. 257-272. Mantere, S., Schildt, H., and Sillince, J. A. 2012. Reversal of Strategic Change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), pp. 1-56. Lovas, B. and Ghoshal, S. 2000. Strategy as guided evolution. Strategic Management Journal, 21, pp. 875-896. Levy, D. L., Alvesson, H. and Willmott, H. 2003. Critical approaches to strategic management. London: Sage. Knights, D. and Morgan, G. 1991. Corporate Strategy, Organizations and Subjectivity: A Critique. Organization Studies, 12, pp. 251-273. Paine, L. 1994. Managing for Organizational Integrity. Harvard Business Review, 3, pp. 106-117.

Laws Influence On Congress Essays - United States Congress, Law

Law's Influence On Congress The majority of congress today has a legal background. This legal background slows down congress. Although the heavy legal background of congress slows down the congressional process it does provide for better laws. The strong influence of the legal profession in government is to the countrys benefit. The majority of politicians today are lawyers. For the most part, it has always been this way. Since the very beginning of the United States government there has been a ver distinct legal background. The majority of the founding fathers of our government and some of the most influential politicians in our government have been lawyers. For instance, Thomas Jefferson, one of the most famous founding fathers, the writer of the declaration of independence, was a lawyer. Theodore and Franklin Roosevelt both studied law in college. Even our current president today, William Clinton studied law. As early as the beginning of this country, the roots of lawyers in government has been there. A lawyers training, and education, when applied to congress, slow things down. Lawyers are taught to question things from every angle possible, to look at it every way. By looking at things from all perspectives, politicians are usually indecisive, in fear of upsetting their constituents and party peers. A lot of this over-questioning works out to the benefit of the common constituent. By looking at things from every angle, a congressman can see if by passing a piece of legislation will it hurt any one specific group. This tends to keep a congressman from voting for that particular thing. Another thing a lawyer is taught to do is to prove something beyond reasonable doubt. By trying to make sure a bill is acceptable, beyond reasonable doubt, is very tough. A lot of work is required to do this, and most of the time a congress man will not vote in favor of a bill unless he or she Is convinced, beyond reasonable doubt that it is necessary and proper. Although it seems a little unnecessary, the over investigation of bills benefits citizens. The heavy influence of lawyers in congress does in fact slow down the processes, but it does provide for a better outcome when bills are finally passed. By slowly considering laws and tediously reviewing them, the time is taken to make sure that a bill being past is in the best interest of the country. They slowly go over the bill at each step and over analyze it. By doing this it prevents congress from just passing a law merely on impulse, without very careful review. In conclusion, the legal background of many congress-people slows down the speed at which laws are made. By slowing the process down better laws are made. Even though lawyers over analyze bills, their legal background gives them clear insight as to how a law will be implemented into the court systems and everyday life. Although the congressional process is drastically slowed by the legal influence, the constituent gains greatly from the consideration put into every law. Government Essays

french revoluion essays

french revoluion essays The French Revolution last from 1789 to 1799. This war had many causes that began the revolution. Its causes ranged from the American Revolution, the economic crisis in France, social injustices to the immediate causes like the fall of Bastille, the Convening of he Estate-General, and the Great Fear. As a result of this revolution there many effects , immediate and long term. The immediate effects were the declaration of rights of man, abolishing of olds reign, execution of king and queen, the reign of terror, and war and forming of the citizen-army. The long term effects were the rise of Napoleon, spread of revolutionary ideas, growth of nationalism, and the The contributing factors to the French Revolution was the economic crisis in France. The French government had undergone economic crises, resulting from the long wars waged during the reign of Louis XIV, the losses incurred in the French and Indian War, and increased indebtedness arising from loans to the American colonies during the American Revolution. The American Revolution showed that they got economical and political freedom from Britain. This liberalism sparked many revolutions in Europe ,but in France the ideas of the Enlightenment and liberalism were put to their fullest test. The French people wanted rights and would later get these. Another reason was that the old regime was ineffective and it abused its power. The immediate causes of the French Revolution were that the Estate-General had to convene. Increasing political pressure and being faced with the total collapse of its finances, the Old Regime began to unravel. Almost immediately tempers arose regarding voting procedures in the upcoming Estates-General. In its last meeting, voting had been organized by estate, with each of the three estates meeting separately and each having one vote. In this way the privileged classes had combined to outvote ...

Definition and examples of Alphabet

Definition and examples of Alphabet An alphabet is made up of the letters of a language, arranged in the order fixed by custom. Adjective: alphabetic. The basic principle of alphabetic writing is to represent a single sound (or phoneme) of a spoken language by a single letter. But as Johanna Drucker notes in The Alphabetic Labyrinth (1995), This phonetic writing system is at best an approximation. The orthography of English, for instance, is notoriously plagued by inconsistencies and peculiarities. The First Alphabet In about 1500 B.C., the worlds first alphabet appeared among the Semites in Canaan. It featured a limited number of abstract symbols (at one point thirty-two, later reduced to twenty-two) out of which most of the sounds of speech could be represented. The Old Testament was written in a version of this alphabet. All the worlds alphabets descend from it. After the Phoenicians (or early Canaanites) brought the Semitic alphabet to Greece, an addition was made that allowed the sounds of speech to be represented less ambiguously: vowels. The oldest surviving example of the Greek alphabet dates from about 750 B.C. This is, via Latin and give or take a few letters or accents, the alphabet in which this book is written. It has never been improved upon. (Mitchell Stephens, The Rise of the Image, the Fall of the Word. Oxford University Press, 1998) The Greek Alphabet [T]he Greek alphabet was the first whose letters recorded every significant sound element in a spoken language in a one-to-one correspondence, give or take a few diphthongs. In ancient Greece, if you knew how to pronounce a word, you knew how to spell it, and you could sound out almost any word you saw, even if youd never heard it before. Children learned to read and write Greek in about three years, somewhat faster than modern children learn English, whose alphabet is more ambiguous. (Caleb Crain, Twilight of the Books. The New Yorker, Dec. 24 31, 2007)The Greek alphabet ... is a piece of explosive technology, revolutionary in its effects on human culture, in a way not precisely shared by any other invention. (Eric Havelock, The Literate Revolution in Greece and Its Cultural Consequences. Princeton University Press, 1981) While the alphabet is phonetic in nature, this is not true of all other written languages. Writing systems ... may also be logographic, in which case the written sign represents a single word, or ideographic, in which ideas or concepts are represented directly in the form of glyphs or characters. (Johanna Drucker, The Alphabetic Labyrinth. Thames, 1995) Two Alphabets English has had two different alphabets. Prior to the Christianization of England, the little writing that was done in English was in an alphabet called the futhore or runic alphabet. The futhore was originally developed by Germanic tribes on the Continent and probably was based on Etruscan or early Italic versions of the Greek alphabet. Its association with magic is suggested by its name, the runic alphabet, and the term used to designate a character or letter, rune. In Old English, the word run meant not only runic character, but also mystery, secret.As a by-product of the Christianization of England in the sixth and seventh centuries, the English received the Latin alphabet. (C.M. Millward, A Biography of the English Language, 2nd ed. Harcourt Brace, 1996) The Dual Alphabet The dual alphabetthe combination of capital letters and small letters in a single systemis first found in a form of writing named after Emperor Charlemagne (742-814), Carolingian minuscule. It was widely acclaimed for its clarity and attractiveness, and exercised great influence on subsequent handwriting styles throughout Europe. (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook, 2005) The Alphabet in an Early English Dictionary If thou be desirous (gentle Reader) rightly and readily to understand, and to profit by this Table, and such like, then thou must learne the Alphabet, to wit, the order of the Letters as they stand, perfectly without book, and where every Letter standeth: as b near the beginning, n about the middest, and t toward the end. (Robert Cawdrey, A Table Alphabetical, 1604) The Lighter Side of the Alphabet Educational television ... can only lead to unreasonable disappointment when your child discovers that the letters of the alphabet do not leap up out of books and dance around with royal-blue chickens. (Fran Lebowitz) Writers spend three years rearranging 26 letters of the alphabet. Its enough to make you lose your mind day by day. (attributed to Richard Price)Dr. Bob Niedorf: Name as many mammals as you can in 60 seconds. Ready? Go.George Malley: Hmm. 60 seconds. Well, how would you like that? How about alphabetical? Aardvark, baboon, caribou, dolphin, eohippus, fox, gorilla, hyena, ibex, jackal, kangaroo, lion, marmoset, Newfoundland, ocelot, panda, rat, sloth, tiger, unicorn, varmint, whale, yak, zebra. Now varmint is a stretch; so is Newfoundland (thats a dog breed); unicorn is mythical; eohippus is prehistoric. But you werent being very specific, now, were you, Bob?Dr. Bob Niedorf: Well! Ahh, Ill, uhIll try to be more specific.(Brent Spiner and John Travolta, Phenomenon, 1996) EtymologyFrom the Greek,  alpha  Ã‚  beta Pronunciation: AL-fa-BET

Conception of Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conception of Justice - Essay Example According to his theory He believes that equal rights should not be given to all the people and free market is not at all acceptable for kristol as it will raise the tide. So he believes in unequal distribution of benefits in the society. In order to justify his theory he further says that the in equality should benefit every one to some extent mainly the less advantaged. I believe and agree with kristol's theory. All the human beings should be given equal rights and it should be left on their fate that it will float their boat or will sink it. This will be un kind if we fulfill needs of one person and ignore other. Every body who is entering in the market will obviously try to compete and in doing so healthy competition will be there in the market and will result in better quality and quantity of work. The free market will not increase rush in market but will increase the number of competitors to get better and much better results. The principle of difference presented by Rawl doesn't seem much attractive and impressive. Free market is the right of every retailer or investor and it is upon them that how they manage to get hold of right strategies and manage to survive or rule the society. Other wise it would be like that you are afraid of your competitors and that's why you don't allow them to enter into the market or you don't want free market because you are afraid of being over come by some other party. In other words you don't want any race track as you are afraid of race - this, in essence, is not, and cannot be, a rule of the game. The actual rule of the game is to let come who ever want to with a spirit that if you are the best no one could let you down. So in my vote goes for kristol. 2. The Ciulla reading (on the course reserve, on the syllabus for June 2nd) directly addresses one of Ian Maitland's claims. Evaluate Ciulla's response (this requires stating the relevant claim from Maitland). Whose side do you take--in answering this last question, you should give reasons for the side you take, and those reasons should appeal to Maitland's or Ciulla's arguments, and you should acknowledge possible counter-arguments. Does your decision affect your actions as a consumer/economic agent (450 words) Word count:345 Ethical issues are always present in the business no matter what kind of business it is. Modern work is a subject of debate for many writers and all of them have different point of view and arguments about same subject. While defending business of sweat shops Maitland says that on the whole, they are better for the world's poor than the available alternatives. For him sweat shops are good for third world workers. He believes that a worker from third world country can get respect because of this business in any country as it is respectable. Where as Ciulla believes that there is no easy solution to make any work meaning full and that there is also no easy way out for balancing the demands of work and life. I personally agree with Ciulla because it is not necessary that if you open a sweat shop it will be successful for sure or there is no guarantee that being a

The Online Shopping Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Online Shopping Environment - Essay Example The three elements that have been used to deliver desired consumer experience in online fashion retail include navigability, atmospherics, and interactivity. The interaction of the three elements has shaped the online fashion-shopping environment. Analysing the interaction of three elements is essential because consumers are considering multi-channel retailing in fashion. Online fashion shopping environment offers all the design cues and multi-channels the consumers want. Search classification utilizes Sitemaps, search engines, Search by name, style or look to engage consumers online (Flavian, Gurrea and Orà ºs, 2009). Search classification is used for finding a product in any e-commerce business platform (Kim, Fiore and Lee, 2007). Online fashion environment is utilizing the consumer’s usability of the sites to increase sales. The journey of a consumer begins within they log in the online stores. Searching classification utilizes keywords related to fashion, and image links that can be accessed through top search engines (Childers et al., 2001). For example, ASOS has used the successful product tagging method of search classification to increase consumer usability and help to convert the visitations into successful sales (Jones and Silverstein, 2009). Product information details, zooming option for images, and 2D and 3D product viewing give rise to the ultimate interactive viewing. The online shopping environment in the fashion retail industry is using interactive technologies to create a seamless journey between the stores and consumers (Sullivan and Adcock, 2002). The rise of online and multichannel fashion retailing is focused on offering in-store consumer experience that is in touch with shopping patterns of the consumers. Smartphones, iPads, customized fashion shows and in-built touch screens have been introduced to give the customer a virtual shopping experience before actual purchasing (Tapscott, 2009).

1980 African American Education Essay Example for Free

1980 African American Education Essay *In 1988, the enrollment of black men declined, while it increased for women. There were 179,000 black women in college, then black men. Percentage of highs school graduates going to college 1960-1970: Males exceeded women 1980s: women overtake men and never lost the lead Popular concentration in education in the 1980s 1981: business and management were the most popular of all black bachelors degree recipients. 13,325 blacks earned a bachelors degree in business and management (40% earned in historically black colleges). See more: Old Age Problem essay The Black and White Gap The average scores of black students have remained well below those of whites, and at age 17, the reading achievement of black students was lower last year than it was in 1988Ââ€"a depressing reversal of the gains made over the previous two decades, Michael T. Nettles, the vice chairman of the National Assessment Governing Board, said at a press conference held here late last month to release the results. The independent panel oversees National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). In just about every age group and in every subject, the test-score gap between white and African-American students has grown since 1986, reversing a trend in which the discrepancies decreased from the time the exams were first given in 1969, 1971, and 1973. Since the mid-1980s, gaps in several subjects and age groups have grown by statistically significant amounts. Resegregation occurring again Studies finds the causes for resegregation stemming from a number of social and political factors: a series of court rulings beginning in the late 1980s that reversed many of the desegregation orders, the growing isolation of whites in suburban schools, and the increasing segregation of blacks and Hispanics in suburban schools. Study suggest that students do better with same race teachers. Both black and white children score higher on mathematics and reading tests when their teachers are the same race as they are, a study of 6,000 Tennessee schoolchildren suggests.

Depression Essay -- essays research papers fc

DEPRESSION IN WOMAN Depression is the most common mood disorder; it is more than just temporary feelings of sadness. Then how come women are more prone to depression than men? Depression affects women emotionally, physically, and mentally in every aspect of their lives. Clinical depression does not only just cause suffering to individuals who are depressed, but it brings problems for their families and friends who seldom do not know how to help them. Experts say depression is a disorder that is colour blind and affects women in spite of race, ethnic backgrounds, or socio-economic standing. Women are said to be two to three times more prone than men to suffer from depression. Why is this the case? Is it because of the stress caused by society’s expectations of women? The following essay will provide a brief overview explaining why women are more prone to depression than men. There are emotional risk factors that make women especially are vulnerable from. Women who are unhappily married, divorced, or separated, have higher risks. They tend to undergo more stress, anger, frustration, and cause problems among her family. Nobody is predetermined to develop a mood disorder. Nevertheless, women who tend to be under more stress than normal and often have to handle a variety of conflicting roles in society may be susceptible to depression. Women who are biologically vulnerable to depression are more likely to develop the disease when they’re under chronic stress. Depression can cause mothers to be inconsistent with the way they care for their children. They may be loving one minute and withdrawn the next. They may not respond at all to their children’s behaviour or they may respond in a negative way. Babies who do not develop a secure attachment may have trouble interacting with their mother (they may not want to be with their mother, or may be upset when with them), causing them to develop skills later than other babies. Toddlers and preschoolers whose mothers are depressed may be less independent, less likely to interact with other people, have more trouble accepting discipline, be more aggressive and destructive or not do as well in school. School-age children may have behavioural problems, have learning difficulties, have a higher risk of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and not do as well in school. Adolescents whose mothers suffer from depression... ...dhood Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity and Health Related Fitness.† Journal of Sports & Exercise Psychology. 34. 5 (2003): 419-421 Wolfgang, Linden. â€Å"Depression, Social Isolation, and Certain Life Events are Associated with the Development of Coronary Heart Disease.† ACP Journal Club. 52. 6 (2004): 81-85 Newspaper/Magazines: Carey, Elaine. â€Å"Therapy Works Like Drugs on Brain† Toronto Star. 9 Jan. 2004:E 45- 46 Ross, Marvin. â€Å"Can Faith Help the Aged?† Toronto Star 22 Jan. 2005: A8-9 Spencer, Maggie. â€Å"Depressed Children Show Altered Stress Response† Archives of General Psychiatry 16 Dec. 2003: 25-26 Electronic Resources: Autonuccio, David. Rumble in Reno: The Psychosocial Perspective Depression. 13 Feb. 2005. 1 Aug. 2000 Beardslee, William R. The Prevention of Depression in Youth. 29 Jan. 1995. 20 Jan. 2005 Canadian Health. James, Carol. Risk Factors For Depression in Canadian’s. 29 Feb. 1984. 9 Feb. 2005 James Nazroo Y. Exploring Gender Difference in Depression. 2 Mar. 2001. 2 Feb. 2005 Kenneth, Rogers. What is a depressive Disorder? 2 Mar. 2001. 12 Jan. 2005 Robinson, Robert. Canadian National Institute of Mental Health. 10 Sept. 2002. 4 Feb. 2005.

Psychological factors that affect performance in sports Essay

Competition in sports and the general performance of athletes in various competitive activities results in increased stress among the athletes. This increased stress makes the athlete to react mentally and physically in a way that negatively affects the performance capabilities of the athletes. The athletes may tense, increase their heart beats, sweat allover as they agonize about the possible results of their performance. Such athletes find it difficulty to focus on the mission ahead. This aspect has resulted in many coaches and trainers to take more interest in the subject of sports psychology, specifically in the aspect of competitive anxiety. The attention has centered on factors that affect performance in sports, physical activity and exercise and on skills athletes apply in competitive environment. Ones the factors effecting performance are established, the skills required for succeeded in competitive environment are also taught to the athletes. This paper seeks to research on Psychological/mental factors that affect performance in sports, physical activity and exercise. To carry out this objective, the paper will proceed by highlight the issue under discussion, reviewing previous literature on the subject in details, and discussing the finding, the lastly make the concluding remakes based on finding of the researcher paper. The issue Sports participation by athletes places a lot of physical as well psychological stress on these athletes. Rushall and Potgieter (1987) explain that a serious competitive situation is whereby the outcomes of performance of the athletes are most crucial and strongest. Factors which affect the athlete’s view of this situation have been explained by Rushall and Potgieter (1987) as ‘sports stress checklist’. According to Teed, (1987) differences in these factors results in performance inconsistencies, while at the same time they also imply patterns which influence exceptional performance. In tough and serious performance circumstances, it has been established that performance based strategies of specific elements have significant impact on performance reliability and consistency (Syer, and Connolly, 1984). There is always need for particular preparations to be done in various fields such as performing arts, and business, (Goetz). Though, previous studies have established that there is always need for such psychological preparations to be undertaken in the field of sports, it is still being overlooked in many sporting setting by trainers as well as sports psychologists. In addition, when plans or strategies are drawn mainly by the athletes themselves, Syer and Connolly (1984) notes that they result in the following advantages, reduced uncertainty and interpretive disruption as well as stress brought by negative circumstances, improved performance consistency of athletes, better coping ability for difficulties, and lastly reduced performance declines. The following section takes a detailed look on psychological factors that effect performance. Literature review: Factors affecting performance  Segmenting sports activity and other physical activities In case the event or activity to be performed is long, it is required that it should be broken down into shorter segments. The segments ought to be short enough so that the athlete is able to concentrate fully on what is required to be done and thought during that period. This helps the athlete to focus on achieving of successful competition aspects. Arranging competition is this way is termed as segmenting. Segmenting has originated from two main sources. One, the goal-setting past literature has indicated that far-off goals have got less effect on athlete performance compared to proximal goals (Syer and Connolly, 1984). A performance goal which are short-term and which, center on processes required for successful conduct improves performance. Two, people facing extensive assignments normally break the down to better manageable parts Stress Stress is major factor which affects athletes’ performance. Numerous studies have indicated that stress has directly effect athletes, though the extent of the effect is not various and it is hard to measure correctly. In a study to measure stress carried out by Jones and Hardy (1989), electronic gadgets were attached on athletes so as to directly measure the physiological arousal of the athlete using a process termed as telemetry. The gadget transmitted a radio signal into a receiver whereby physiological responses like the heartbeat can be assessed while the athlete is carrying out his/her normal activities and when he/she is involved in sporting action. The study revealed that athletes experience high degree of arousal when in sporting activities. However, the shortcoming with this method of measurement is that the results can not ascertain for sure which kind emotion is being felt by the athlete, it came be anxiety caused by stress, or it could be excitement caused by joy of participation in the sporting event. However, in another study by Jones and Hardy (1989) it revealed that sporting activities are not very much stressful for athletes particularly when compared to other physical activities in which the athletes are evaluated according to their performance. Nonetheless, it remains apparent that sporting situations are able to result in increased degree of stress for many athletes. Instead of the athletes finding competitive sporting activities challenging and enjoyable to take part in, a number of athletes certainly experience anxiety and threats in such a sporting situation. Jones and Hardy (1989) adds that anxiety together with fear resulting from stress are what many individuals would like to avoid, but this is exactly what effects a lot of athletes. Many athletes drop out off sporting activities because of these two aspects, as they find sporting activities to be threatening instead of being pleasant experience. A high number of individual also revealed that they would prefer to take part in sports and other physical activities by they fear that they will perform badly and if there is selection going on, they would even be selected to join the team. Thus, stress is a major factor which affects sports and can reduce the enjoyment of taking part in sporting activities Thought contents of athletes  Performance efficiency of an athlete is usually reduced due to distraction but it is improved by having relevant concentration. However, there are Holingen and Vikander, 1987) asserts that there are a number of exception to this opinion, for instance cognitive interference. But, Jones and Hardy (1989) say that, to perform well in tasks under stressful situation, the athlete has to focus his/her attention on the processes of completing the task successful in the best position. This specifically is true when it comes to sports. Cognitive concepts like attention focus and flow have a characteristic of a particular task orientation. However, this orientation differs in relation to the stage as well as the kind of activity being performed. Cappaert and Rushall (1994) explain that the objective of focusing on task-relevant information is to make sure that every resource is made available to the athlete in sporting activities. Athletes should be being able get focused and concentrate on the cues in a sporting activity so that they can effectively deal with the present task. These skills of focusing assist the athletes to maintain their individual mental intensity within a sporting activity. General techniques of concentrating comprises of avoiding distractions, skills to develop awareness (Syer and Connolly, 1984). Self statement This is your inner voice, what you an athlete says to him/herself. This aspect of self-talk relates to the manner athletes feel and also act. However, Jones and Hardy (1989) explains that changing ones self-statement and making it positive creates a positive mental position, which in term gives the body a positive approach to an a physically activities and makes the athlete to perform better in that activity. This observation is supported by Syer and Connolly(1984) who asserts that self-statement is as well associated with factors which are related to improved performance, for instance coping (Gibson and Heads, 1989), self-efficacy (Jones and Hardy (1989) and self-concept (Selkirk, 1980) In a study carried out by Cappaert and Rushall (1994) they established a direct impact of negative self-talk on swimmers performance. In another observation of 20 tennis players participating in a tournament, it was established that negative self-statement was linked to losing, those players who used positive self-statements and believed in its utility worn much more points as oppose to those with a negative self-talk (Holingen and Vikander, 1987). Positive self-statement was a crucial aspect of a game plan for improving results of basketball (Teed, 1987) and as Holingen, and Vikander (1987) explains for learning essential forms in ice-skating. And also for increasing the total number of wins by tennis players

Frito-lay and Snack Foods

In 1898, Caleb Bradham bought the patent rights (quy?n sang ch?) for Pepcola brand name va renamed Pepsicola. Sales increased sharply in America and expended to other continents. From here, Pepsico became multinational food and beverage corporation in United States with many famous brands of snack foods, beverages and other products. Beside the popularity of Pepsico brand on beverage, snack foods are also pay an important role in increasing annual retail sales on the world for Pepsi Group. Specifically, food and snack sales in North and South America combined contributed 48 percent of PepsiCo's net revenue in 2009.And Fristo-Lays North America, which is combined with the Frito Company and the H. W. Lay Company, creates the top selling line of snack foods in the U. S, Canada and Mexico. These brands include Lay's and Ruffles potato chips, Doritos tortilla chips, Tostitos tortilla chips and dips, Cheetos cheese flavored snacks, Fritos corn chips, Rold Gold pretzels, Sun Chips and Crack er Jack popcorn. In which, PepsiCo holds six slots in the top 10 global snack brands. The top three brand positions are Lay’s (7%), Doritos (3. 6%) and Cheetos (2. 7%).Ruffles, Tostitos and Walkers also feature in the global top 10. It cannot denied that PepsiCo is a king in competitive snack industry, and fighting for a higher place is a huge challenge for other snack makers, but not impossible. Pringles, ranked 4 (2. 3%) of the Top 10 snack global brand share 2013 based on retail value, is one of the most popularity snack brand of Procter & Gamble Co. The brand commands an 11% share of extruded snacks total retail value. Its main markets are Western Europe and North America, which account for a combined share of 50% of its sales at a global level.It proved that Procter & Gamble Co is a large competitor in snacks global market. Kraft Foods is also a remarkable representative in this race. Although Planters, a division of Kraft Foods on snacks food, was just formed in 2000, a chieved many successes with the main strength is nuts. Today Planters is available in an infinite variety of product lines ranging from Nuts & Seeds, to Mixes, Peanut Butter, Bars, and Nuts for Baking & Cooking, all available with Kraft’s â€Å"Naturally Remarkable† taste and quality guarantee.In general, any successful worldwide snack brand has tapped into the opportunities in these areas, and manufacturers looking to grain traction on the global scale should take heed and invest in flavor, format and occasion innovation as well as leveraging into adjacent categories. Besides, it is also important for snack makers to establish brands firmly. Pack imaging is particularly important and a very powerful marketing tool to build up brand equity.

Free Essays on Our Town

Wilder's passionate plea in the play is to appreciate every moment of every day, for life is a fleeting thing. With troubles rapidly expanding in Europe and war becoming a looming reality, people were inundated with the negative aspects of life. To see Our Town was to escape from the negative and rejoice in the ordinary; it reaffirmed faith in the unchanging moral values of small town living. It was obviously the balm that audiences needed in the midst of a pessimistic and changing world. Through his play, Wilder tries to teach the audience to seize the moment and enjoy living. There are no guarantees about a certain life span, as evidenced by the premature deaths of Emily Webb and her brother, Wally; tomorrow may be too late. By calling the drama Our Town and portraying ordinary people and events, the people in the audience and the readers of the play can identify with the theme and apply it to their own lives. Our Town is an unusual play in structure. It intentionally conta! ins little action, in order to support the theme; nothing exciting or suspenseful happens in any of the three acts, just as nothing exciting happens in Grover's Corners. The play also ignores most dramatic conventions. In the beginning, the Stage Manager saunters on to an empty stage to talk directly to the audience; he tells them that the play is ready to begin. He then describes the appearance of Grover's Corners and its inhabitants. The play also ignores the unity of time and place. Between the first and second acts, three years pass. Then between the second and third acts, another nine years pass. In addition, the omniscient Stage Manager has repeated flashbacks to the past and flash-forwards to the future, further negating a unity of time. The play also has many locations. Although the entire play takes place in or around Grover's Corners, each act has a different and distinct key setting. In Act I, most of the action takes place in the homes of the Webbï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Our Town Free Essays on Our Town Our Town In the play Our Town, Thornton Wilder uses the commentary about certain social issues to further exemplify the point that the people of Grover’s Corner are really quite conservative and rather passive while they let life pass them by. The commentary of the people on a few issues such as suicide, alcoholism and religious faith show the people’s attitudes. A couple specific situations of a few people symbolize the perspective that the entire town has on the situations. Religious faith is one of the issues used by Wilder. Most everyone in Grover’s Corner is religious, and a member of one of the churches in town, all being Christian in one form or another. They are also very conservative republicans that don’t like change. Mr. Webb, publisher and editor of the local paper informed the audience, â€Å"Politically, we’re eighty-six per cent Republicans ... Religiously, we’re eighty-five per cent Protestants ... Very ordinary town, if you ask me... But our young people seem to like it well enough. Ninety per cent of them graduating from high school settle down right here to live.† The town’s people’s religion sets the standard for their morals and behavior in everyday life. Everyone goes about their daily routine day after day with a kind of faith that it will continue without changing unless they make the change themselves. When Emily is watching her funeral from above after she dies, she wants to go ba ck to how it was and relive just another day of her life. â€Å"But mother Gibbs, one can go back; one can go back there again †¦ into the living. I feel it. I know it.† pleaded Emily. One of the issues used by Wilder is suicide. Since suicide is very rarely seen especially in a small town like Grover’s Corner, one would expect that the town’s people would attempt to keep it a secret. Joe Stoddard, the local gravedigger, was speaking to Sam Craig, a man who grew up in the town, about one of the head stones... Free Essays on Our Town Wilder's passionate plea in the play is to appreciate every moment of every day, for life is a fleeting thing. With troubles rapidly expanding in Europe and war becoming a looming reality, people were inundated with the negative aspects of life. To see Our Town was to escape from the negative and rejoice in the ordinary; it reaffirmed faith in the unchanging moral values of small town living. It was obviously the balm that audiences needed in the midst of a pessimistic and changing world. Through his play, Wilder tries to teach the audience to seize the moment and enjoy living. There are no guarantees about a certain life span, as evidenced by the premature deaths of Emily Webb and her brother, Wally; tomorrow may be too late. By calling the drama Our Town and portraying ordinary people and events, the people in the audience and the readers of the play can identify with the theme and apply it to their own lives. Our Town is an unusual play in structure. It intentionally conta! ins little action, in order to support the theme; nothing exciting or suspenseful happens in any of the three acts, just as nothing exciting happens in Grover's Corners. The play also ignores most dramatic conventions. In the beginning, the Stage Manager saunters on to an empty stage to talk directly to the audience; he tells them that the play is ready to begin. He then describes the appearance of Grover's Corners and its inhabitants. The play also ignores the unity of time and place. Between the first and second acts, three years pass. Then between the second and third acts, another nine years pass. In addition, the omniscient Stage Manager has repeated flashbacks to the past and flash-forwards to the future, further negating a unity of time. The play also has many locations. Although the entire play takes place in or around Grover's Corners, each act has a different and distinct key setting. In Act I, most of the action takes place in the homes of the Webbï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Our Town In the play Our Town, the people of Grover’s Corners mask their worries and apprehensions about death in their quest for happiness. In the first act, a few deaths occur, and the attitude of the people towards these deaths is a negligent one of briefly acknowledging death and moving on. Also, the children in act two who are faced with adulthood are reluctant to accept the burden, through their hesitance to grow up and approach death. In the third act, when we finally get a clear picture of death, the reader sees that the people who are dead are regretful that their mundane lives were incomplete, not realizing the importance of life until they are dead. This method of living proves unfulfilling, as the dead arduously mourn their trivial lives yearning to have made a difference. The stage manager directs the flow of the play throughout, and his transient attitude towards death reflects Grover’s Corners overall outlook on a life that tries to mentally avoid death. This stan ce is established primarily by the stage manager in his first act narrative, which hastily describes the fatalities, masking their importance and reality. â€Å"Want to tell you something about that boy Joe Crowell there. Joe was awful bright – graduated from high school here, head of his class. So he got a scholarship to Massachusetts Tech. Graduated head of his class there, too. It was all wrote up in the Boston paper at the time. Goin’ to be a great engineer, Joe was. But the war broke out and he died in France.† (P.9) This brief account demonstrates the importance placed on a man’s death. The people of Grover’s Corners live in a world where change is frowned upon; consequently, the means of dealing with such a great adjustment as death is to prevent themselves from thinking of it. In the stagnant society of Grover’s corners, death is the ultimate obstacle, and ignorance is the remedy. Another instance where the stage manager subtly demon strates this pract...

29 Effective Examples of Public Relations Campaigns and Tactics

29 Effective Examples of Public Relations Campaigns and Tactics Public relations spans a broad array of tactics and strategies. As such, what any two PR campaigns looks like in actual practice can be vastly different depending on its goals. From old-school media placements to large-scale event planning to modern digital communication, it often requires an interesting mix of skills and competencies to do well. And that’s probably why you’re here. You know the benefits of doing PR: earning trust, establishing valuable relationships, and building branding awareness, all while collaborating with content and social media marketing, but with lower costs than traditional advertising. Sounds awesome, right? Well, sure it does. But which tactics should you execute? Where do companies start developing plans? And what does effective PR even look like in real life when it encompasses so many things? That’s what you’ll find in this post: 30 examples demonstrating what this time-tested marketing discipline look like in the real world. You’ll find basic stuff like different areas of the business you can explore, plus tons of actual campaigns to help inspire your own strategy. Table of Contents: Definition Basic PR Disciplines Basic PR Tactics Successful PR Campaigns What is ? Its the best all-in-one marketing management platform to organize all your projects and team members. See it in action. Snag Three Free PR Templates This post is full of examples you can borrow ideas from. But, what happens when it comes time to execute your strategy? Grab these free templates to support better execution: PR Plan Template: Press Release Template: AP Style Cheat Sheet: in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

Management of Information Technology and Its Impact on Organizational Term Paper

Management of Information Technology and Its Impact on Organizational Goals - Term Paper Example The junction of computing, telecommunications, and software is not simply enabling new forms of competition and organization to develop, but the digital junction of various states of information data, text, voice, graphics, audio, and video is as well spawning new business opportunities and new customs of communicating. Simply the most reclusive Audited could argue that business and economic motion today is untouched by information technology. Certainly, it is just probably to assert that every business is an information business. Managers constantly spent much of their time on information processing, generally defined, according to Mintzberg ( 1983) now often do so interceded by technology in the figure of executive information systems, groupware, video-conferencing, and the like. Organizations have been seen in the past as types of information processing (Galbraith, 1973) and now have gathered technocratic descriptors like 'networked', 'knowledge-based', and 'virtual' as telecommunications, in particular, have been deployed to synchronize remote workers or share information transversely enterprises (Wendy Currie, Bob Galliers, 1999). Business processes gradually more are information-systems dependent and are being 're-engineered' ( Davenport and Short, 1990; Hammer, 1990), partly by asking, what can IT permit us to do which was not probable before in terms of time compression, co-ordination, integration, mechanization, and communication And entrepreneurs are getting to the information and information service sectors as their probable grounds for profit-making. According to Earl (1996), this new strain might be called 'intrapreneurs'.   Information management can yield strategic gains and signifying where opportunities can be found. Classically they offer frameworks for investigation. Kantrow argued this in a relatively crusading abstract way in the eighties and it was slanted by the early eighties articles on IT and competitive advantage.  

Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy - Essay Example symptoms of motor milestone delayed motor milestones and weakness of the proximal muscles, are followed by delayed language milestones (Language Skills Delayed in Muscular Dystrophy Patients, 2007). Should curvature extend between thirty-five and forty-five degrees by the age of twelve, surgery may be considered, but it is a major surgical process with significant surgical risk involved. (Tsao & Mendell, 1999). The first step taken was to search the local libraries for books and journals for information on DMD. The next step was to use the Internet to expand the search. The medical databases of Medscape, PubMed, Medline and BioMed were used for this purpose. Search terms included â€Å"duchenne’s muscular dystrophy†, â€Å"diagnosis of duchenne’s muscular dystrophy†, â€Å"pathophysiology of duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, and â€Å"treatment of duchenne’s muscular dystrophy†. Hawker, G. A., Ridout, R., Harris, V. A., Chase, C. C., Fielding, L. J., & Biggar, W. D. (2005). Alendronate in the treatment of low bone mass in steroid-treated boys with Duchennes muscular dystrophy. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 86(2),

Did the government bail outs actually work Term Paper

Did the government bail outs actually work - Term Paper Example Though counter to his conservative ideology, Bush relented and worked with Congress to pass TARP, the Troubled Asset Relief Program, a move applauded by then presidential candidate Barack Obama. TARP and the auto bailout were and remain controversial topics. These were big gambles that, with all the associated drawbacks, paid big dividends. The bailouts saved a major American industry, the world from the Great Depression, the sequel and millions of people from living in â€Å"Bushvilles.† TARP, otherwise known as the â€Å"bank bailout,† was hurriedly implemented in 2008 as the world appeared on the threshold of a catastrophic financial meltdown. To stabilize financial markets, Congress authorized the Treasury Department to spend $700 billion, a move that caused widespread public outcry against the program. Most economists, however, understood that the move played a central role in rescuing the global economy. The Treasury didn’t use the entire amount though. It spent $470 billion on hundreds of banks, the auto industry and trying to help prevent home foreclosures. Treasury calculated that the total lifetime cost for taxpayers to be $17 billion in losses from the investments in the auto industry and auto finance companies plus a $46 billion loss from mortgage modification programs. â€Å"By any measure, TARP’s final tally will be far less than expected amid the crisis. But the program remains a big loser politically.† (â€Å"Credit,† 2010). According to a Treasury Department official Timothy Massad, Read Mthe federal government successfully stopped the 2008 financial crisis by â€Å"acting with overwhelming force and speed.† â€Å"The actions we took to stabilize the crisis worked. We really did arrest the panic,† said Massad. In addition, the financial regulatory reforms implemented the past three years have afforded economic policymakers enhanced tools to scrutinize systemic risk and better manage future crises. The U.S. government’s rapid and robust actions are in contrast with how European Union countries handled their banking crisis. â€Å"We’ve seen Europe struggle with its problems for two years. They haven’t been able to act as forcefully with their problems.† (Mowbray, 2011) To gain a little perspective, TARP and other government actions taken due to the financial crisis will cost taxpayers less than the savings and loan debacle during the 1980s, as a percentage of GDP (gross domestic product). Following the initial payout, President Obama continued the attempt to revive the financial system by implementing a scheme to help banks raise private money so that they can pay the government back. The Obama administration forced the 19 biggest banks to submit to a â€Å"stress test† to give potential investors confidence that those banks were solvent and reporting accurate financial records. Consequently, â€Å"banks have been able to raise enoug h private capital that today banks totaling only about 8 percent of bank holding companies by assets still have TARP money, down from 75 percent at the dawn of the crisis.† (Mowbray, 2011) Another element of the Obama administration’s reaction to the financial

Powdered zinc and copper sulphate Essay Example for Free

Powdered zinc and copper sulphate Essay Temperature after 1minute (i C) Change in Temperature (i C) 1g 17 19 2 As I had decided I was going to use 40cmiof copper sulphate solution in my experiments I was able to calculate the amount of mols of copper sulphate I was going to use, knowing that the concentration of the CuSO4 was 0. 5m/dmi. Amount of CuSO4 (mols) = concentration x volume = 0. 5 x 0. 04 (40cmi = 0. 04dmi ) = 0. 02mols Know that I knew the amount of CuSO4 used I was able to work out the amount of powdered zinc needed to give the highest change in temperature using the calculation shown below: Amount of substance needed = mass / molar mass (Mr of Zn = 65) therefore mass = amount x Mr = 0. 02 x 65 = 1. 3g Thus 1. 3g of zinc should give me the highest change in temperature. As I am not using exactly 1. 3g of zinc I predict that either 1. 25g or 1. 5g of zinc will show the highest change in temperature. Practical Obtaining my evidence Apparatus: powdered zinc, copper sulphate solution, beaker, measuring cylinder, pipette, balance, 5 evaporating dishes, thermometer, polystyrene cup and lid, stop clock. Method: I measured out amounts of   of the powdered zinc separately, using the balance to ensure accuracy. I put the amounts into the evaporating dishes. Using the measuring cylinder and a pipette, I then put 40cmi of copper sulphate solution into the polystyrene cup, which I placed into a beaker for stability. I then added an amount of zinc, placed the lid and thermometer onto the cup and took the temperature of the solution. After a minute I took the temperature again. I repeated this process for each amount of zinc powder. I completed my experiment three times to each amount of zinc powder. I did it three times to establish an average change in temperature for the different amounts of zinc used. Results: Experiment 1: Amount of Zinc (grams)3 Conclusion: As I predicted 1. 5g of powdered zinc gave me the highest change in temperature. After this amount the change in temperature slowly began to decrease. Between 0. 5g and 1. 5g the temperature change increased rapidly. Specific Heat Capacity of Zinc The specific heat capacity (s. h. c. ) of a material is the amount of heat needed to change the temperature of 1kg of the material by 1i C or 1K. Different substances take different quantities of heat energy to heat them up. Specific heat capacity = energy released / (mass x temperature rise) As I know this equation I can rearrange it to find the energy released during a reaction. If I also know the amount of a substance used in the reaction I can calculate the specific heat capacity of it. Energy released = temperature rise x specific heat capacity x mass of solution . 76 KJ/mol (exothermic reactions are always negative) From my results I have calculated that the specific heat capacity of zinc is -32. 76. This is inaccurate as from my data book I was able to find that the correct ? H of zinc is -219KJ/mol. This inaccuracy shows that although my results followed the expected trend, they were not accurate. Analysis In my plan I predicted that either 1. 25g or 1. 5g of zinc would show the highest change in temperature. After this mass I predicted that the change in temperature would either decrease or level off. This is what happened. In my average results 1. 5g of zinc gave me the highest change in temperature and after this the increase in temperature decreased because a layer of copper formed on the zinc, thus making it less reactive. If I were to continue with my experiments I would investigate higher amounts of zinc to prove this theory completely. In all of my experiments the copper sulphate lost its blue colouring and the zinc became red in colour. The copper compounds in copper sulphate cause the solution to be blue in colour. As the zinc displaced the copper, the solution lost its colour. As the copper layer formed on the zinc it became red, as copper is a red metal. My graphs show the general trend that I predicted and concluded on yet there were a few anomalies. I believe that these will have been caused by factors such as contamination and heat loss to the surroundings. The thermometer may also have been inaccurate. An exothermic reaction is one which gives out energy to the surroundings, usually in the form of heat and usually shown by a rise in temperature. I have successfully proved that the reaction between powdered zinc and copper sulphate is exothermic as I recognised a rise in temperature in all my experiments. I have also shown that the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate is a redox reaction (see my plan). Evaluation The anomalies in my results prove that there were points during my investigations where my accuracy left a little to be desired. An inaccuracy occurred in my time keeping, as there was often a small difference in when I began timing e. g. when I added the zinc or when I secured the lid on top of the polystyrene cup. Overall even though my experiment was open to some inaccuracies I believe it was accurate enough to support my predictions. To improve my results I would increase the period of timing from 1minute to 5minutes so that the temperature could be allowed to rise more. I would extend my investigations into the reaction between zinc and copper sulphate by using a finer powder of zinc, which would give it a larger surface area, to see if this would cause the temperature to rise more rapidly. I would also like to complete the experiments using better equipment to prevent heat loss to the surroundings, to see if it has an effect on my results and thus, my conclusion. I would have liked to use better equipment in my practical but they were not available. If I had more time I could use different metals and different solutions to further test the displacement rule e. g. the reaction between magnesium and zinc sulphate. Sources: G. C. S. E Chemistry Revision Guide Richard Parsons Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

Music and Murder :: essays research papers

Documentaries serve to draw a response through the use of literary techniques in order to present a particular point of view. Michael Cordell’s Music and Murder subscribes to this principle, the documentary focuses on three men serving prison sentences for taking a life and how music has changed and shaped their outlook on their own lives. Music, structure, verbal language and selection of detail all work on the viewers emotions which serve to draw a positive response towards rehabilitation in prisons. Music and Murder follows Vernon Kronk who killed an infant because it wet the bed, Geoffrey Websdale who shot dead two people and injured one and Daniel Miles who stabbed his girlfriend. All three prisoners are serving sentences in prison for their crimes and all three with the help of the prison teachers have found an interest in music. Music and Murder as a title for this documentary is very peculiar in that it hints that the two themes go together, many would see such a title as a paradox and that if rehabilitation was the only issue Music after Murder would be a more suitable title, however the emotional maturing through music is important in the documentary. Music recorded by the prisoners is played throughout the documentary, this attempts to give the viewer insight into the emotions felt by the musicians. The music is described by one of the prisons music teachers as â€Å"coming from the heart†, because we have not discovered the crimes that the prisoners have committed the music attempts to draw on feelings of sympathy from the viewer for the men. Much of the documentary is left to periods of the men’s music; these periods are an expression of emotion by which the notion of humanity and a second chance is put forward. The structure, the order parts of the documentary are presented determine how prisoners are constructed by the viewer. In Music and Murder Vernon, Geoffrey and Daniel are all constructed in the same way and overall the documentary works to construct the prisoners as people deserving of the viewers trust. In the beginning of the documentary the prison is described and shown as concrete and metal and there are close-ups of the metal bars, locks and razor-wire. This use of montage re-establishes the viewers previous idea of prison as punishment. After this the music is introduced by the respected teachers as not leisure but a constructive way to use their time in prison, having the punishment aspect of prison introduced before the music gives the viewer a positive on the idea as music as rehabilitation and not just as leisure.

Boston Tea Party Essay

Attention Getter: You probably wouldn’t believe me if I told you that a drug that creates the same signaling activity in the brain as cocaine is sold legally on almost every street corner across the nation. This is a fact however, and the drug is caffeine. It is one of the main ingredients in coffee, and is currently the most frequently used recreational drug in the world. Establish Credibility: I personally consider myself a coffee expert, and have been drinking at least one cup of coffee almost every morning for the last three years. Relate to the audience: Now, I know not every one of you drinks coffee but as you can tell by the multiple Dutch Bros, Starbucks, and other coffee shops around town it is a very big part of our culture today. Preview: Throughout the course of this speech, I will discuss three major points relating to coffee. First, I will give some information on the history of coffee and when it first came into human culture, followed by the positive health benefits and some of the negative health risks associated with coffee. [First of all, I’m going to talk a little bit about the historical side of coffee and how it first got popular in our culture. ] Body I. Main Point: To understand why coffee is such a big part of modern day society, we must first understand where it originated. A. Sub-point: Coffee was first cultivated on the Arabian Peninsula in the 15th century. 1. Supporting details: Not only were the Arab’s the first to cultivate coffee, but they also were the first to trade coffee. 2. By the 16th century, the popularity of coffee was already expanding and Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey all had discovered about the amazing beverage. B. Sub-point: By the 17th century coffee was still gaining notoriety around the world, however it was still not a household favorite as it as today. 1. Supporting Details: Coffee houses started sprouting up everywhere in the 1700’s, however tea was still the most popular drink around. 2. In 1773 a heavy tax on tea was inflicted by King George, which led to a pretty famous revolt called The Boston Tea Party. 3. Since people couldn’t afford tea after the tax, coffee quickly took over as the most popular morning beverage across the world, and remains the most popular today. [Although coffee has been drank for hundreds of years, the majority of its health benefits have only recently been discovered in the last few decades. ] II. Main Point: The majority of people drink coffee just to get through each day, however it does have many positive benefits to your health. A. Sub-point: Within just the last few years alone there has been research done showing that coffee may protect against type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. 1. Supporting details: According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, liver cancer is the ninth leading cause of cancer and coffee has been shown to reduce risk of liver cancer by 40%. 2. Drinking coffee reduces the risk of diabetes as well, which is a common risk factor of liver cancer. B. Sub-point: One of the other medical uses of coffee is in preventing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 1. Supporting details: The most common neurodegenerative disease and number 1 cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s. 2. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, however it has been shown that coffee drinkers have up to a 65% lower risk of getting the disease. [You might be thinking coffee is a miracle drink after some of those statistics, however it also has many negative effects on health as well. ] III. Main Point: There are a great deal of health issues that can result from drinking coffee, with some of the most common being addiction, insomnia and increased blood pressure. A. Sub-point: As a college student, one of the last things you will ever want to experience is insomnia, but it is a regular side effect of coffee. 1. Supporting details: By blocking certain receptors in the brain, coffee prevents chemicals that induce sleep from being used. B. Sub-point: Another widely studied effect of coffee, specifically caffeine, is how addictive it is. 1. Supporting details: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous system and regular use will result in a physical dependence. 2. If a regular coffee drinker doesn’t have their daily cup, they will feel fatigued, irritable, and experience headaches within the first 24 hours. Conclusion 1. Transition Signal: In conclusion, coffee isn’t for everyone but if you do choose to consume it, you at least now know how it affects you. 2. Summary of Main Points: Throughout this speech we looked at how coffee first gained popularity in the human race, some of it’s positive health benefits as well as some of the negatives. 3. Call to Action: Even if you’ve never been a fan of coffee, try drinking a cup before your next study session and see if you still don’t like it. 4. Memorable end: Although it may be addicting and cause serious potential health problems, there must be something special about coffee considering over half of adults in the U. S. drink it daily. References: 1) â€Å"Coffee Acts Just like Cocaine, Says Scientist. † BeverageDaily. com. Beverage Daily, 02 Sept. 2002. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 2) Goldschein, Eric. â€Å"11 Incredible Facts About The Global Coffee Industry. † Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 3) Gunnars, Kris. â€Å"13 Proven Health Benefits of Coffee† Authority Nutrition. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 4) â€Å"The History Of Coffee. † – National Coffee Association. NCA, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 5) Stromberg, Joseph. â€Å"This Is How Your Brain Becomes Addicted to Caffeine. † Smithsonian. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. 6) Van Dam, Rob. â€Å"Ask the Expert: Coffee and Health. † The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. 7) Weber, Belinda. â€Å"Coffee Consumption Cuts Liver Cancer Risk. † Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2014.

Alcoholism and its effects on society Essay

The alcohol is a terrible disease that effects not only your own body and mental health but also it effects everybody who surrounds you. By being an alcoholic you are experiencing all different types of problems. It can be either a problem with a lack of money that will bring you to the friends who are going to get tired of it sooner or later, or alcohol will ruin your healthy relationship with your family and your lovely kids. People who are suffering from this disease are usually not successful in anything they are trying to do. Alcohol is simply ruining your life. Alcohol and financial problems We consider an alcohol as a drug that makes you addicted to it really quick. Person will be thinking that one drink will not do anything to him/her, and that might be right. The next time that person will be thinking that if one drink did absolutely nothing to him/her then what could happen with two drinks. And he/she will be keep on going and going until they will reach that point where they realize that they are a typical alcoholics. It’s just like that story with a frog. â€Å"If you put a frog into the bowl with a temperature lower than her body’s, she will jump out immediately. If you put her into the bowl with exact the same temperature as her body or a little bit wormer then she will stay in there. You can be increasing the temperature but the frog will still stay in there because she is not feeling the difference, and she will be there until she literally cooks alive.† Same thing happens to the alcoholics, they are simply not feeling any difference in the ir body temperature. They will be just drinking until they either pass out or just â€Å"cook alive†. Thru all this times they will be spending a quite a bit of money and since they are drinking and keep on wasting time to go buy drinks, that means they are not working most of these days, simply because they are drunk. That can cause them losing their job. The costs of alcohol increase as the alcoholic person builds tolerance to the drug in his or her system. Let’s assume that a beer cost $5 per six pack. That means they will be spending more than $500 a year. If they would stop drinking and  start saving those money, they would’ve easily go to Cuba every year, but instead they choose alcohol. Alcoholics will just keep on spending money until they will reach that point where they will have neither money, neither a life around them and they will think that it’s time to stop now, but no. They are not going to be able to do it that easily, because they are way too addicted to it now! At that point alcoholics will try to go to the hospital where they can get some treatment. According to the website Drug Rehabs, a week at some live-in treatment centers can cost the patient several thousand dollars, as much as a luxury hotel. Also another way they can lose their money is by causing damage not just to themselves but to others as well. The alcoholic person can easily hit another car, that will not only cause a mechanical damages but also in the worst case it can cause death to the innocent person. All this consequences will tear apart the alcoholic. And that’s where they might collapse and commit a suicide. Alcohol and friends Friends is one of the most important things to have in the life. They are always there to provide support and to help thru the hardest times. Friends are playing a big role in any anybody’s life. When person under the effect of alcohol he/she don’t understand all of importance. They can easily harm their best friend, assault their best friend or even kill without even knowing why they are doing it. Of course friends will try to help, they will do everything possible to get that person out of that situation. And he/she still will be drinking and enjoying the moment, they are not going to stick around for that long. Maybe after that person wakes next morning sober and will try to say sorry to their friends. They are not going to be there anymore, because they give a chance to change but unfortunately it wasn’t as important as a beer. In other way if that person have a non-drinking company then it will be easier for him to influence all of his friends just to join him or at list one, then to go thru all this treatments. The alcoholic might ruin the whole life of that person, their dreams, future, maybe even a family, just by influencing him to have some shoots with you every other day. Also there have been so many situation where drunk friend was driving his other friends and suddenly he lost control and all of them died. Alcohol and relationship problems Alcoholism are likely to cause harm for anyone in a relationship with the sufferer. People who find themselves in a romantic relationship with an alcoholic may end up making excuses for their lack of attendances or improper conduct at social functions. Family problems, such as arguing, bickering, stonewalling, withdrawal, and generally poor communication can be find in any couple/family who have an alcoholic person. Families rely heavily on one another for support. This includes both financial and emotional support, which alcoholism can erode over time. Alcoholic person cannot provide neither a money for food and cloth, neither a roof above their head. Families rely heavily on one another for support. That support can easily be demolished by a stupid intoxicated liquid. When alcoholics where trying to build that relationship to have a better life for theirs children and themselves. Instead of fighting thru that, trying to be better they simply gave up and said no to everything they h ad. Now the only thing they will have is a castle out of empty beer bottles. Alcoholic Parents and Children Having an alcoholic parent is one of the worst things that could happen to the child. Children are likely to experience a number of problems related to the parents when alcoholism is involved. They may experience neglect or physical and mental abuse as a parent loses awareness of their actions due to the effects of alcohol. After all of that children might find problems with their own social development. An alcoholic parent unwilling or unable to support the child’s endeavors. This can range from missed events such as soccer games to birthday parties. Kids who are grow up in a family with one or more alcoholics often have emotional problems. Their homes are filled with conflict, tension and stress. As a result many children’s feel depressed and anxious. They might be even afraid to go to school, wet their beds, cry or have night mares. At the end they simply can isolate themselves or develop fears. Children who are living with alcoholics have a higher chance of becoming an alcoholic themselves and they will likely try their first drink before or during their teenage years. In conclusion I would like to say that all this problems would never happened if there was no alcohol involved. There would never been any children who are becoming  alcoholics at age of 15 just because their parents were doing that as well. There would have never happened any innocent deaths due to impaired driving that involve innocent people. None of this problems would never have been raised if only you just had said NO I’m not drinking. Why make it complicated, your life would’ve been much easier. As Jim Carrey said â€Å"I’m very serious about no alcohol, no drugs. Life is too beautiful.† References List http://www.ehow.com/list_7354573_financial-problems-alcoholics.html#ixzz2nLIDaemf http://www.alcoholic.org/research/do-you-have-to-be-an-alcoholic-to-experience-problems/ The story with a frog is from my head. I red it long time ago in one article. I wrote this in case you will ask for the references and where I got from. Alcohol and children – source: Book – Alcohol by Judy Monroe 1994 http://drgaryseeman.com/resources/arel.php http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/alcohol.html#u9Y6JPEWjc6Fzyra.99 http://www.alcoholaddict.info/alcohol-addiction/alcoholism-affects.html